Presentation Day

On 17 of December 2014, that day is presentation day for all FYP2 student whether Bachelor or Diploma. There had some pictures and on that day is the most best memory in UniKL BMI with friends.

Design Poster

This week is time to get ready for my Final Year Project 2 (FYP2) presentation. I design my own poster based on format that had been given on FYP2 briefing and the poster can be seen on Figure 17

Figure 17

Combination for All Hardware

This process is to arrange the hardware on black box. Figure 14 and Figure 15 shows how the hardware are be arrange. Black box will placed on car dashboard while ultrasonic will placed in front of the car. On Figure 16, there is the position for this project should be placed.

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Making Hardware Casing

This week, I making hardware's casing. There have 2 boxes for this project which is 1 big box and 1 small box. Arduino mega, GPS, LCD and buzzer are placed in big box while ultrasonic is placed on small box.

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Interfacing GPS with Laptop using USB to UART Converter

This week I am testing my GPS module whether function or not. To testing, GPS need to interface with laptop or PC but GPS cannot direct connected into laptop. GPS should using USB to UART converter for interface with laptop. This is because GPS produce serial data output and laptop cannot read the serial output. To obtain data, GPS should take 15-20 minutes to connect to the satellite in space. Additionally, GPS requires at least 3-4 satellites to get the GPS position location. Figure 6 and Figure 6.1 shows the connection between GPS, USB to UART converter and laptop. Figure 7 shows output by using Hyper Terminal software. Figure 8 shows output by using MiniGPS software and Figure 9 shows output by using GPS Locator Utility software. There has some video to show the output for GPS on Video 1.

Figure 6

Figure 6.1

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

video 1

Construct Circuit and Testing for Combination of Ultrasonic Sensor and LCD

This week is continuing from the previous few weeks about Ultrasonic and LCD. This week I construct circuit for combination of Ultrasonic sensor and LCD. Figure 4 shows the connection of the circuit and the result had been shown on Figure 5.

Figure 4

Figure 5

Construct Ultrasonic Sensor Circuit And Testing

For this week, I am construct my ultrasonic sensor circuit and testing it. Figure 2 shows how my ultrasonic had been constructing and the result had been shown on Figure 3 below.

Figure 2

Figure 3

Construct LCD Circuit and Testing

For this week, I am construct my certain component and testing it. Firstly, I am construct my LCD circuit because LCD is the basic thing for display the output as request. Figure 1 shows how the LCD had been constructed the result for LCD testing. Besides that, I also construct my ultrasonic sensor and testing it. Figure 2 shows how my ultrasonic had been construct and the result had been shown on Figure 3 below.

Figure 1

Find Coding and Sketch

This week I am looking for a source coding for LCD and Ultrasonic. Below is one example I can find on the internet. From the example of this coding, a bit of can help me in making the coding for my project. In addition, I have several examples of the sketch that I can make a referral.

Example LCD coding

Example Ultrasonic Coding

Example connection for Ultrasonic and LCD with Arduino

Buying The Components

Most of the stuff that I bought online from Cytron website. Buying online can save you money. There are also components that I get out of second-hand goods that have been used in the last semester for a mini project.Below are some parts that I bought for my project. 

SKM53 GPS Starter Kit

USB to UART Converter

Ultrasonic Ranging Module (HC-SR04)

Arduino Mega 2560 R3-Main Board

LCD (2x16)- Blue Backlight

Male to Male Jumper Wire

Week 14

SUBMIT THE PROPOSAL REPORT

The blog and proposal must be submit  After 14 weeks research and study the operation and components about my project. The proposal is written to propose our ideas to the supervisor and FYP committee and to ensure all activity have been recorded, so can refer if a problem will be appears.The purpose of the blog is to records activities that have been done from week 1 until week 14.From blog and proposal can document the work that have been planned and work that have done.



Work Plan

Work plan is commonly used in project management, is one of the most popular and useful ways of showing activities (tasks or events) displayed against time. On the left of the chart is a list of the activities and along the top is a suitable time scale. Each activity is represented from semester 1 and semester 2 by a bar, the position and length of the bar reflects the start date, duration and end date of the activity.


Semester 6

Semester 7

Week 13

On week 13, I continued more my research about my component for this project. And also I calculate my budget for this project.

Buzzer

Piezo Tranducer - 15v (2800Hz)

This one comes with two wires attached and two screw mounting points, so it can easily be integrated onto a breadboard or into a circuit! To use it need a voltage source such as a battery; simply connect the black wire to the negative of the voltage source and the red wire to the positive point that voltage source. This buzzer requires no external oscillation, simply place a voltage across the terminals and it will make noise.

Features:

• 15V Piezo Transducer
• PCB & Breadboard Mountable

Specification:

• Rated Voltage 15V DC
• Operating Voltage 9V - 15V DC
• Max Rated Current 40mA
• Sound Output 2800Hz at 30cm, at Rated Voltage ≥90dB
• Resonant Frequency 2800 ±200Hz
• Operating Temperature -20 to +60°C
• Storage Temperature -30 to +80°C
• Overall Diameter: 42mm
• Fixing Centre Diameter: 34mm M3.5
• Centre Diameter: 28mm
• Height: 14.5mm
• Wire Length: 28AWG 100mm
• Housing: PC ABS Black
• Weight: 17g
• Model No.: 41.S01L120A-LF

 

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD 20x4

This 20x4 LCD is electrically and mechanically interchangeable with 20x4 LCDs from several

other vendors. The only differences we've seen among different 20x4 LCDs are:

1.  LED backlight brightness, voltage and current vary widely, as does the quality of the display
2. There is a resistor “Rf” which sets the speed of the LCD interface by controlling the internal oscillator frequency. Several displays we have evaluated have a low resistor value. This makes the display too slow.

At 5V the resistor Rf should be 91 Kohms. At 3V it should be 75 Kohms. Using a 3V display at

5V is acceptable from a voltage standpoint (the display can operate on 3-5V) but the oscillator

will then be running too slowly. One fix is to always check the busy flag and not use a fixed time

delay in your code, then it will work regardless of the LCD speed. The other option is to always allow enough delay for the slower display.



Budget

Week 12

On week 12, I continued my research about details of components.

Microcontroller

PIC 16F877A

The microcontroller forms the heart of the system. Its responsibilities include reading the message from the GSM modem and displaying it on LCD. Reading of message from the SIM card inserted into the modem is done by sending the appropriate AT command to the modem. Here we use MICROCONTROLLER 16F877A.

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable I/O peripherals. Due to simplicity in design and pocket friendly prices, microcontroller is widely adopted for various fields including automobiles, medical science, defense, domestic applications, industrial use, energy management and lots more domains. Microcontrollers are commonly built using CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide semiconductor) technology resulting optimum performance with the least consumption of power. As it is designed to perform a specific task, latency of the task is fast and is more reliable.

Pin and Description

  

High-Performance RISC CPU

•  Lead-free; RoHS-compliant
• Operating speed: 20 MHz, 200 ns instruction cycle
• Operating voltage: 4.0-5.5V
• Industrial temperature range (-40° to +85°C)
• 15 Interrupt Sources
• 35 single-word instructions
• All single-cycle instructions except for program branches (two-cycle)

Special Microcontroller Features

• Flash Memory: 14.3 Kbytes (8192 words)
• Data SRAM: 368 bytes
• Data EEPROM: 256 bytes
• Self-reprogrammable under software control
• In-Circuit Serial Programming via two pins (5V)
• Watchdog Timer with on-chip RC oscillator
• Programmable code protection
• Power-saving Sleep mode
• Selectable oscillator options
• In-Circuit Debug via two pins

Week 11

On week 11, I continue research to find more detailed information about the components and hardware that will be used for this project.

Ultrasonic

HC-SR04

Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and control circuit. The basic principle of work:

1.  Using IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal.
2. The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detect whether there is a pulse signal back.
3.  IF the signal back, through high level , time of high output IO duration is the time from sending ultrasonic to returning.

Test distance = (high level time×velocity of sound (340M/S) / 2,

Specification:

• Working Voltage: DC 5V
• Working Current: 15mA
• Working Frequency: 40Hz
• Max Range: 4m
• Min Range: 2cm
• Measuring Angle: 15 degree
• Trigger Input Signal: 10µS TTL pulse
• Echo Output Signal Input TTL lever signal and the range in proportion
• Dimension 45 * 20 * 15mm

GPS (Global Positioning System)

SKM53 GPS Starter Kit

The SkyNav SKM53 Series with embedded GPS antenna enables high performance navigation in the most stringent applications and solid fix even in harsh GPS visibility environments.

It is based on the high performance features of the MediaTek 3329 single-chip architecture, Its –165dBm tracking sensitivity extends positioning coverage into place like urban canyons and dense foliage environment where the GPS was not possible before. The 6-pin UART connector design is the easiest and convenient solution to be embedded in a portable device and receiver like PND, GPS mouse, car holder, personal locator, speed camera detector and vehicle locator.

 

Applications: LBS (Location Based Service) Vehicle navigation system PND (Portable Navigation Device) GPS mouse and Bluetooth GPS receiver Timing application

 

     Features:

·         Ultra high sensitivity: -165dBm

·         22 tracking/66 acquisition-channel receiver

·         WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS/GAGAN support

·         NMEA protocols (default speed: 9600bps)

·         Internal back-up battery

·         One serial port

·         Embedded patch antenna 18.2 x 18.2 x 4.0 mm

·         Operating temperature range: -40 to 85℃

·         RoHS compliant (Lead-free)

·         Tiny form factor ：30mm x20mm x 8.5mm

Week 10

On week 10, student who take Final Year Project 1 (FYP 1) will did their presentation about their title of project.

PRESENTATION OF PROPOSAL FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1 (FYP 1)

Avenue      : Gemilang Hall

Date          : 18 April 2014

Time          : 3.00pm - 5.00pm

Assessors  :  1) Sir Ahmad Basri Bin Zainal

                    2) Prof Abdul Halim Bin Abdul Rahman

Week 9

On week 9, I start to produce flow chart.

Week 8

On week 8,  it is an extension of the methodology chapter. Finding the right components and equipment used for this project.

Ultrasonic

HC-SR04

GPS (Global Positioning System)

SKM53 GPS Starter Kit

Microcontroller

PIC 16F877A

Buzzer

Piezo Transducer - 15v Buzzer (2800Hz)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD 20x4

Week 7

On week 7, I have continued my research by did  next chapter is methodology. In methodology, there has block diagram, component specification and flow chart.

METHODOLOGY

Block diagram

Block diagram for this project

What can be seen in the block diagram is that it is divided into three parts is the input, process and output. In the first part of the input, it there are two types of ultrasonic and GPS (speedometer). For this project, HC-SR04 ultrasonic type is used. It is used as a determinant of the distance between cars. In addition, the GPS it will use a circuit that is preset using Arduino circuit. It is used to determine the speed of the car. In the process, the PIC16F877A microcontroller is used to process the incoming data from the GPS and ultrasonic so that it can communicate with each other. In the last part is the output there is a buzzer and LCD. Buzzer will serve as an emergency alert if the car in a dangerous situation. While the LCD (20x4) serves as the display for the speed of the car and also the distance between the cars.

Week 6

On week 6, I'm continued my next research is about literature review.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Project is developed to improve the existing system on the car before. What can be seen in the existing security system in the car earlier that it is not enough. For example, reverse sensors, air bag, alarm, ABS and so on but it was not enough for the sensor to the front of the car was not there. This will make it difficult for drivers to predict a safe distance between the cars in front when driving. Therefore, it would cause a breach involving a car and driver and passenger lives. With the sensor in front of the car, the drivers will be more careful with the distance between the cars in front at a certain speed. This will avoid accidents and casualties.

Week 5

On week 5, I have continued my research to make on part introduction by adding problem statement and objective.


Problem Statements

When too many vehicles on the road then the number of accidents also increases. This is because the road will begin crowded and there are some drivers who do not care attitude when driving on the road. Most of the accidents occur due to driver attitude is itself a selfish and careless when driving.

Statistics Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) found that a total of 85.7 percent of the accidents that happen on the highway due to the attitude of the driver. Deputy Transport Minister, Datuk Abdul Aziz Kaprawi said speeding and in a state of drowsiness and fatigue among the factors causing the accident. In addition, the physical condition of the roads and environmental factors contribute 10.6 percent of the cause of the accident, while the condition of the vehicle (3.7 percent). In another development, Abdul Aziz advises all drivers to reduce speed and maintain a safe driving distance as a precaution against any incidents due to the haze.

Objective

The main objective of this system is:

•  To design and produce prototype smart safety system on vehicle by using GPS (speedometer) and ultrasonic.
• To develop programming by using PIC.

Week 4

On week 4, I started to do research about the project that i will do it. I have started to make an introduction and background of my project first.

INTRODUCTION

 Background

As we know now, the world is full of high-tech equipment. Every day the population increases and causes a wide range of facilities have been developed to make it easier for people to make a variety of activities. Especially in terms of transportation such as cars, buses, motorcycles and so on have been produced to facilitate people to move from one place to another.

           The purpose of the project is to train drivers produced so be extra careful when driving. The train driver like this, it can reduce the accident rate. In addition, it is also easier for drivers to predict the appropriate position between the cars. With this driver, the passengers and the car will be much safer.

For this project, GPS (speedometer) and ultrasonic systems are used to enhance existing safety system on the car before.  The use of GPS systems are as measuring the speed of a car. Alarm will sound if the car exceeds the speed limit should be. Ultrasonic is used as a tool to measure safe distance between two cars. If the distance between the two cars is too close, the alarm will sound as a warning. Alarm will sound according to the level of danger. The distance measured will be show on LCD display. The speed of vehicles will be link with the distance of two cars. 

Week 3

SUBMIT THE FINAL YEAR PROJECT TITLE

After discussion with the supervisor, then select chose the title "Vehicle Tracking System" but I changed the title because it does not fit with the project as I'd like. I have changed the title to "Speed ​​And Distance Car Safety System". I chose this topic because I want to upgrade the existing security system in the car now. This is because too many accidents on the road due to the careless driver itself. I've shown close to my supervisor and he agreed with my title.

Week 2

IMANUDDIN BIN ABDUL MALEK

51211112208

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (HONS) IN LECTRONICS

SELECTION OF SUPERVISOR FOR FYP

For the second week, each student is required to choose a lecturer as a supervisor for the Final Year Project 1 (FYP1) by follow their programmed. I chose Mr. Kamalulfaizin B. Mohd Suhut as a supervisor for the Final Year Project 1. I chose him because he has taught me before in the subject Microprocessor. At the first meeting, we were discussing topics for Final Year Project 1 and he gave some great ideas and suggestions for me.

Week 1

BRIEFING FINAL YEAR PROJECT

Briefing for student taken of Final Year Project at Gemilang Hall for degree FYP1 and diploma students. Registration for the supervisor and confirmation titled of the Final Year Project Assessment should be submitted before week 3. In completing this assessment a few requirement must be followed. A few requirement of this assessment has been highlighted .The rest of the detailed in fulfill the requirement needed can be found at website of FYP Unikl .This website contain when date for presentation, when date for submit logbook and also for the proposal final project. All assignment must submit on time. Lastly, the presentations for degree fyp 1 are in week 10 and submit the logbook in week 13.